Based on the advantages of rich coal resources, Inner Mongolia is well placed to develop energy and chemical industry. However, at present, in the development and utilization of coal resources, Inner Mongolia is difficult to get rid of energy environment, efficiency, resources, benefits, management weakness, low efficiency of resource utilization, neglect of the ecological environment and other issues are increasingly prominent. Recently, at the 2008 China Inner Mongolia International Energy Industry and Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Technology Expo sponsored by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Government, relevant experts said in an interview with reporters that Inner Mongolia should transform its resource advantages into an economic advantage and a competitive advantage, and current development and utilization of coal resources. It is urgent for the government to carry out strong macro-controls to solve the four major problems of the energy environment, energy efficiency, energy resources and energy interests in order to support the sustainable development of the local energy and chemical industries.
There are four main characteristics of Inner Mongolia's coal resources: one is that it is widely distributed, and the total amount is large; the other is that it is complete in variety and good in quality; it is dominated by low metamorphic bituminous coal and lignite; low-sulfur high-quality coal accounts for 70% of total reserves; low ash and low Sulfo-bituminous coal accounts for 60% of high-quality coal. Third, shallow coal seams, thick coal seams, relatively simple geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, stable coal seams, large-scale coalfields and easy exploitation, and fourth, symbiosis and associated minerals in major coal systems. Abundant resources. According to statistics, at present, the cumulative reserves of proven coal resources in Inner Mongolia is 231.71 billion tons, ranking first in the country; production ranks second in the country, and production in 2008 is expected to be around 420 million tons.
However, along with the large-scale development and utilization of coal resources, a series of problems that cannot be ignored in Inner Mongolia have already been highlighted and urgently needed to be solved by all parties. According to Liu Yi, senior energy environmental expert from the Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission, one of the problems is energy and environmental issues. The coal-enriched areas in Inner Mongolia are all distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. Soil erosion and land desertification in these areas are very serious, and the ecological environment is very fragile. The exploitation, processing, storage, transportation, and burning of coal have caused the destruction of the earth's surface, the large area of ​​vegetation that has died, the pollution of water resources and the atmosphere, and further exacerbated the strain on water resources. The data shows that, on average, each 10,000 tons of mined coal causes 0.2 hectares of grassland or farmland to collapse, and the exploitation of 1 ton of raw coal requires the discharge of 2 tons of sewage. However, there is no clear compensation mechanism for the subsidence areas at the time of mining, and the ecological control and restorative investment in the subsidence areas are less in the cost of coal production.
The second problem is energy efficiency. At present, China's energy utilization efficiency is only 33%, which is 10% lower than that of developed countries. The current energy efficiency in Inner Mongolia is much lower than the national average. In 2005, energy consumption per 10,000 yuan in Inner Mongolia was 2.48 tons of standard coal, which was more than double the national average; the energy consumption per million yuan in industrial added value was 5.67 tons. Coal is 2.19 times the national average. In 2006 and 2007, the total energy consumption in the region fell by 7% as a whole. Compared with the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†energy-saving target, it only completed less than 1/3. At present, about 90% of small coal mines in Inner Mongolia use informal mining methods, and the resource recovery rate is only 30%.
The third problem is the issue of energy resources. The resource acquisition and storage ratio of small-scale coal production enterprises is generally lower than that of large and medium-sized enterprises, and the development of small-scale enterprises should be limited in areas where coal resources are concentrated. In Inner Mongolia, there are currently more than 1,200 coal mines of various types, of which there are more than 1,000 collective coal mines in towns and townships, and most of them are small-scale coal companies, and governance is extremely difficult.
The fourth problem is the issue of energy interests. A group of central enterprises, especially energy and chemical companies, played a major role in resource development and accelerated coal development. However, because the interest distribution mechanism has not been straightened out, the conflicts of interest between the central enterprises and local enterprises, governments, and local people are constantly escalating, which has affected the orderly development of future resources. At present, compared with the local coal mines, the central SOEs also collect 8 to 9 times the actual disposable income of 1 ton of coal to county-level local finance, and they also lack overall consideration of local long-term industrial planning. Many local governments in coal-producing regions are unwilling to allow central SOEs to export disposable energy products from local sources at a low price. They hope that they will use development opportunities to develop higher-value-added energy utilization and deep processing projects to ensure the long-term interests of local governments. However, central SOEs basically do not consider local planning, resulting in long-term industrial development plans in many places for many years is still a "blueprint." Due to the imbalance in the distribution of benefits, coal development has become an abnormal situation.
In the face of these four major problems, many experts believe that coal resources are the supporting elements of the pillar industries in Inner Mongolia's energy and chemical industry. Their development and utilization cannot be regulated solely by market mechanisms, and they need to be supplemented by strong government controls and macro-management. The central and local governments must take into consideration the scale of development, continuity of resources, upgrading of industries, cultivation of alternative industries, and protection of the ecological environment, and formulate scientific and rational plans for development and utilization.
To this end, experts have proposed to solve the problem. First, we must adhere to the principle of energy saving, and revise and improve related laws and regulations as soon as possible; second, we must establish a "green GDP" accounting system to reflect the cost of resources and the environment; and third, we must establish resources and the environment as soon as possible. Loss compensation mechanism; fourth is to establish a standardized and orderly fiscal transfer payment system. For example, there are many environmental problems in Inner Mongolia, and the historical burden is heavy. The state should increase the financial transfer payment to Inner Mongolia and specify the transfer payments to Inner Mongolia within a certain period of time. The ratio and proportion of the increase will focus on supporting industrial restructuring and environmental governance in Inner Mongolia, providing low-interest or interest-free loans and tax deductions for the comprehensive utilization of resources and renewable energy development industries; Fifth, we must adhere to a variety of energy and environmental priority, reduce The consumption of non-renewable resources encourages and supports the production and consumption of clean energy and new energy such as natural gas, wind energy, and solar energy.
There are four main characteristics of Inner Mongolia's coal resources: one is that it is widely distributed, and the total amount is large; the other is that it is complete in variety and good in quality; it is dominated by low metamorphic bituminous coal and lignite; low-sulfur high-quality coal accounts for 70% of total reserves; low ash and low Sulfo-bituminous coal accounts for 60% of high-quality coal. Third, shallow coal seams, thick coal seams, relatively simple geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, stable coal seams, large-scale coalfields and easy exploitation, and fourth, symbiosis and associated minerals in major coal systems. Abundant resources. According to statistics, at present, the cumulative reserves of proven coal resources in Inner Mongolia is 231.71 billion tons, ranking first in the country; production ranks second in the country, and production in 2008 is expected to be around 420 million tons.
However, along with the large-scale development and utilization of coal resources, a series of problems that cannot be ignored in Inner Mongolia have already been highlighted and urgently needed to be solved by all parties. According to Liu Yi, senior energy environmental expert from the Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission, one of the problems is energy and environmental issues. The coal-enriched areas in Inner Mongolia are all distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. Soil erosion and land desertification in these areas are very serious, and the ecological environment is very fragile. The exploitation, processing, storage, transportation, and burning of coal have caused the destruction of the earth's surface, the large area of ​​vegetation that has died, the pollution of water resources and the atmosphere, and further exacerbated the strain on water resources. The data shows that, on average, each 10,000 tons of mined coal causes 0.2 hectares of grassland or farmland to collapse, and the exploitation of 1 ton of raw coal requires the discharge of 2 tons of sewage. However, there is no clear compensation mechanism for the subsidence areas at the time of mining, and the ecological control and restorative investment in the subsidence areas are less in the cost of coal production.
The second problem is energy efficiency. At present, China's energy utilization efficiency is only 33%, which is 10% lower than that of developed countries. The current energy efficiency in Inner Mongolia is much lower than the national average. In 2005, energy consumption per 10,000 yuan in Inner Mongolia was 2.48 tons of standard coal, which was more than double the national average; the energy consumption per million yuan in industrial added value was 5.67 tons. Coal is 2.19 times the national average. In 2006 and 2007, the total energy consumption in the region fell by 7% as a whole. Compared with the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†energy-saving target, it only completed less than 1/3. At present, about 90% of small coal mines in Inner Mongolia use informal mining methods, and the resource recovery rate is only 30%.
The third problem is the issue of energy resources. The resource acquisition and storage ratio of small-scale coal production enterprises is generally lower than that of large and medium-sized enterprises, and the development of small-scale enterprises should be limited in areas where coal resources are concentrated. In Inner Mongolia, there are currently more than 1,200 coal mines of various types, of which there are more than 1,000 collective coal mines in towns and townships, and most of them are small-scale coal companies, and governance is extremely difficult.
The fourth problem is the issue of energy interests. A group of central enterprises, especially energy and chemical companies, played a major role in resource development and accelerated coal development. However, because the interest distribution mechanism has not been straightened out, the conflicts of interest between the central enterprises and local enterprises, governments, and local people are constantly escalating, which has affected the orderly development of future resources. At present, compared with the local coal mines, the central SOEs also collect 8 to 9 times the actual disposable income of 1 ton of coal to county-level local finance, and they also lack overall consideration of local long-term industrial planning. Many local governments in coal-producing regions are unwilling to allow central SOEs to export disposable energy products from local sources at a low price. They hope that they will use development opportunities to develop higher-value-added energy utilization and deep processing projects to ensure the long-term interests of local governments. However, central SOEs basically do not consider local planning, resulting in long-term industrial development plans in many places for many years is still a "blueprint." Due to the imbalance in the distribution of benefits, coal development has become an abnormal situation.
In the face of these four major problems, many experts believe that coal resources are the supporting elements of the pillar industries in Inner Mongolia's energy and chemical industry. Their development and utilization cannot be regulated solely by market mechanisms, and they need to be supplemented by strong government controls and macro-management. The central and local governments must take into consideration the scale of development, continuity of resources, upgrading of industries, cultivation of alternative industries, and protection of the ecological environment, and formulate scientific and rational plans for development and utilization.
To this end, experts have proposed to solve the problem. First, we must adhere to the principle of energy saving, and revise and improve related laws and regulations as soon as possible; second, we must establish a "green GDP" accounting system to reflect the cost of resources and the environment; and third, we must establish resources and the environment as soon as possible. Loss compensation mechanism; fourth is to establish a standardized and orderly fiscal transfer payment system. For example, there are many environmental problems in Inner Mongolia, and the historical burden is heavy. The state should increase the financial transfer payment to Inner Mongolia and specify the transfer payments to Inner Mongolia within a certain period of time. The ratio and proportion of the increase will focus on supporting industrial restructuring and environmental governance in Inner Mongolia, providing low-interest or interest-free loans and tax deductions for the comprehensive utilization of resources and renewable energy development industries; Fifth, we must adhere to a variety of energy and environmental priority, reduce The consumption of non-renewable resources encourages and supports the production and consumption of clean energy and new energy such as natural gas, wind energy, and solar energy.
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