Recently, the United States has made numerous breakthroughs in research and development of optical communications. The successful development of white laser and the successful development of new materials are expected to bring about ultra-fast all-optical communications and the optical communications industry will welcome the revolutionary events.
The United States successfully developed white laser
Since the advent of the 1960s, lasers have "made a difference" in many fields, but it has always had a short board that emits only a single wavelength of light. Now that the U.S. scientists have solved the problem, they have developed for the first time a white-emitting laser. The researchers said that white lasers are brighter and more energy-efficient than light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and will play an important role in lighting and wireless communications in the future.
According to a July 30 report by the Physicists Network, a team led by Ning Junzheng from the Arizona State University's School of Electronics, Computer and Energy Engineering developed a novel nanoflake. The size of this delicate semiconductor is only one-fifth the size of the hair, the thickness of only one-thousandth the thickness of the hair, which has three parallel parts, each part can issue one of the three primary colors of red, blue and green Color laser. The entire device emits all visible laser light, from red to green to blue, or any color in between, and when the primary colors "meet", a white laser appears.
Recent research has made laser a viable alternative to LEDs as a mainstream light source. Laser brighter, more energy efficient and provides more accurate and vivid display colors for use on computers and television screens. Researchers also confirmed that their new device emits 70% more color than the current display industry standard.
Another important application of this research will be the field of visible light communication, future indoor lighting systems or also for communication. The technology that scientists are currently developing is called "Li-Fi" (that is, visible wireless communication, which transmits information wirelessly using fast optical pulses). Now "Wi-Fi" uses radio waves. Li-Fi speeds up to 10 times the Wi-Fi, and white laser Wi-Fi may be 10 to 100 times the LED-based Li-Fi currently being developed.
Although this concept is very important, it is still a big hurdle to apply this white-emitting laser to real-life lighting or display systems. The researchers said the next key is to get the same white laser driven by the battery. For the current demonstration, researchers must use a laser to make the electrons glow. The latest experiment will pave the way for a white laser to be finally obtained under electrical operation.
New material is expected to bring ultra-fast all-optical communications
Researchers at Purdue University in the United States have developed a new plasma oxide material that is expected to bring ultra-fast all-optical communication technology, at least 10 times faster than traditional technologies. Related papers published in the recent Optical Society of America, "Optical" magazine.
Optical communication uses laser pulses to transmit information along optical fibers for telephone services, the Internet and cable television. All-optical technology, whether in data flow or in control, is a pulse of light that does not require any electrical signals to control the system. Researchers have demonstrated that optical thin film materials made from aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) are tunable. They doping zinc oxide with aluminum, zinc oxide impregnated with aluminum atoms to change the optical properties of the material, making it like a metal at a specific wavelength, like a high resistance medium at other wavelengths.
The refractive index of AZO films is close to zero, and it uses electron cloud-like surface plasmon to control light. Pulsed lasers change the refractive index of AZO to modulate the amount of reflected light. This material can work in the near infrared spectral range, can be used in optical communications, and with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible.
The researchers' idea is to use this material to create a "plenoptic plasma modulator," or optical transistor. In electronics, silicon-based transistors are responsible for switching power supplies and amplifying signals. Optical transistors use light instead of electricity to perform similar tasks, which can greatly accelerate system operation.
By pulsing this material with a pulsed laser, the electrons in the material move from one energy level (valence band) to a higher energy level (conduction band), leaving behind holes and finally recombining with these holes. The speed of transistor switching is limited to the time to complete this cycle. In their AZO film this cycle is about 350 femtoseconds, about 5000 times faster than crystalline silicon. Transforming this speed increase into a device is at least 10x faster than traditional silicon-based electronics.
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