Deep-hole geologic test test requirements 1. Test content: Deep-hole drilling [6] Exploration and exploration should carry out comprehensive tests and tests. The main contents are:
Deep-hole construction 1. Synthetic wells (engineering logging, hydrology logging, geothermal measuring) 2. In-situ stress testing 3. Pumping test, water lifting test and pressure water test II. Testing and test technical requirements testing, (1) Integrated exploration wells (engineering logging, hydrological logging, geothermal measurement) Technical requirements are written by the winning bidder and approved by the Chief Engineer of Cao Zheming. (II) In-Ground Stress Testing Requirements: 1. Using hydraulic fracturing method to measure ground stress 2. Before testing, the number and location of each deep hole in-situ stress test point should be preliminarily drawn according to stratigraphic distribution, tunnel depth and related data. After the drilling is completed, the position of the test point can be adjusted according to the drilling and logging data. 3. In-situ stress testing The diameter of the drilled hole should meet the test requirements. 4. The test point should be selected at a relatively complete place of the bedrock, and appropriate drilling methods should be selected to ensure that the test section (typically 1~2m) has a smooth wall. 5. Determine the direction and value of the principal stress according to the test results, and analyze and evaluate the tectonic stress field in the field. 6. Predict the hard rock burst and soft rock plastic deformation based on the direction of the principal stress and the numerical value and rock strength of the tunnel surrounding rock. Possibility and make recommendations on the axis of the tunnel. 7. Submit ground stress test report and field stress analysis report. (should be appraised by relevant departments and appraised with appraisal opinions) (3) Hydrological test: Pumping test [1] General technical requirements: 1. During the drilling process, simple hydrogeological observations must be carried out in accordance with relevant requirements. 2. In order to ascertain the static water level, the pressure head height, the water quality, and the water level of each aquifer (belt) and conduct a delamination evaluation, it is required that strict sealing work be carried out between aquifers. 3, according to the aquifer (band) particle size distribution, select different types and specifications of filters. The length and position of the installation filter should be corresponding to the aquifer. Displacement is strictly prohibited. 4. The pumping test must be carried out after thoroughly removing the mud in the well, destroying the mud wall of the well bore, drawing out the mud particles that have penetrated into the aquifer and recovering the natural water permeability of the aquifer. To do this, holes must be thoroughly washed before the wells and filters are installed and pumping starts. 〔2〕, pumping test requirements: Before and after the pumping test should accurately measure the effective hole depth, the test hole using steady flow pumping test, aquifer pumping test for each aquifer, requiring a one-time drilling to the design hole depth, from bottom to top To pump water in layers, the pumping test is first conducted on the bedrock strata, and then a part of the bedrock is sealed (note that 3 to 5 meters are left as sedimentation pipes), and then the upper aquifer is pumped. 1. Technical requirements for pumping: (1) Depending on the degree of fracture of the bedrock, it is determined whether or not the aquifer is under the filter tube. (2) Purify the hole and clear the water, and measure the stable water level. (3) Reasonably select pumping equipment and test equipment. Before the formal pumping, a test pump with a maximum water level reduction should be conducted. The duration of the pumping is generally 4 to 8 hours. After the pumping, the static water level and hole depth must be accurately determined. Water level drop value, preliminary determination of the relationship between water inflow and water level drop. (4) Formal pumping is generally carried out three times. The value of the three water level drops is preferably 1/6, 1/4, 1/3 of the height of the water column before pumping. If the performance of the pumping equipment does not meet the above requirements, it may be based on the maximum The water depth drop depth S is determined, that is, the three water depth drop values ​​are 1/3S, 2/3S, and S(5) formal pumping tests respectively. After the water level is stabilized, the continuous pumping time is 24 hours. If it is a non-steady flow pumping test, its duration shall comply with relevant regulations. (6) Take 1500ml of water sample after the pumping test. After stopping the pump, measure the recovery level. 3. Other technical requirements: (1) Allowable range of water level fluctuation when measuring water level and outflow quantity When pumping water: When pumping water from air compressor: 3～5cm The water fluctuation range of 10～15cm should not exceed 5%. (2) After the start of each water level drop in the pumping test hole, the observation time of the dynamic water level and the water discharge amount shall be measured at the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, and 30th minute respectively, and every 30 minutes thereafter. (3) The measurement time of water temperature and air temperature should be measured every 4 hours. (4) After each pumping test is completed, the pumping test hole shall be tested at the first, second, third, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, fifteenth, twenty- fifth, twenty- fifth, and thirty- Recover the water level once every minute until approaching or reaching the resting water level. (5) In the process of pumping, comprehensive charts such as water quantity and water level curve should be drawn in time. When the abnormal curve is found, the cause should be ascertained and promptly corrected. If necessary, the pumping test should be conducted again. (6) The hole should be sealed after the pumping test. [3] The pumping test should be submitted to data 1, drilling original records and logs. 2, water level, water volume record table; water temperature, temperature record table. 3, restore the water level record form. 4, draw Q, St curve. 5, draw S-lgt curve. 6. Plot the Q=f(S) plot. 7. Draw the Q=f(S) graph with the second descent instead of the three descents. 8. Plot the q=f(S) plot. 9, draw the water level recovery curve. 10. Calculate the permeability coefficient and the penetration radius; calculate the hydraulic conductivity of the confined aquifer. 11. Drilling geological profile and drilling geological map. 12. Comprehensive test results of pumping test: including the pumping time, the drilling depth before pumping, the still water level, the lowering water level of each fall, the pumping duration and the settling time, the amount of water inflow and unit water inflow, and the water level recovery time. , water temperature and pumping equipment (pump or wind, water, depth of pipe configuration, power, filter type, diameter, length, flow meter, water level meter, etc.) 13. Water quality analysis results table. 14. Geotechnical particle analysis results table and graphs. 15. Calculation of hydrogeological parameters. Lifting water test: Lifting water test: 〔1〕 Lifting water test requirements 1. Before water lifting test, wells must be washed as required. 2. When the test hole contains multiple aquifers, it is necessary to conduct layered sealing, and then to carry out the water lifting test. 3. The static water level, water temperature and hole depth must be measured before lifting the water test. 4. According to the height of the water column in the hole, the number and depth of stable depth reduction when lifting the water must be designed. 5. When carrying out the water lifting test, in order to obtain a uniform number of lifting times in a unit of time, it is proposed that the amount of water is approximately equal, so that the water level and the amount of water are relatively stable. 6. Principles for controlling the stability and depth when lifting water: (1) Two to three depth reductions are required in the water lifting test. (2) The water depth drop should be greater than 0.5 meters. (3) The number of lifting buckets should be determined according to the amount of water in the hole; the water is mostly raised and the water is small; the principle is that the water level in the hole should be kept near the dynamic level after lifting the water. The allowable error value for dynamic water level measurement is +0.1 meters, and the allowable water error is +10%. 7. The observation time for lifting water should be observed every 5 minutes at the beginning and every 30 minutes thereafter. Simultaneously measure the amount of water proposed. 8. The duration of water level stability is generally 4 to 6 hours. If the water level and the amount of water are not stable, the time for lifting the water should be appropriately extended. 9. After the water lifting test is completed, the restoration level should be observed immediately and records should be made. The observation interval is the same as the water lift test until reaching or near the still water level. 10. Seal the hole immediately after the test. [2] Lifting water test should be submitted to the data 1, drill the original record and log 2, lifting the water test record form. 3, restore the water level record form. 4, water volume calculation sheet. 5, permeability coefficient calculation sheet. Water injection test: Water injection test: [1] Water injection test requirements 1. Water injection test method: The fixed head water injection is to raise the water level in the borehole to a certain height, and keep the water head constant and continuous water injection. 2. Before the water injection, the wells should be washed well, the rock powder in the drill hole should be removed, and the drilling depth and the underground still water level should be recorded and recorded. 3. At the beginning of water injection, the water injection volume should be increased from small to large and injected continuously. When the dynamic water level rises to the designed height, the amount of water injection should be controlled so that the water head is stable and the water volume is constant. 4. After the water injection starts, the water level and water volume should be observed every 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. After every 30 minutes, the water level and water volume should be observed. After stabilization, the water level should continue for 2 to 4 hours before water injection can be completed. 5. Water injection is generally carried out three times in water level elevation. It is best to use 2, 4, or 6 meters or more for raising the water level each time, but the minimum water level difference should not be less than 1 meter each time. Q max− Q min 6 The allowable error for the steady water consumption during water injection is: Q is common or average is <10%. The allowable error for stable dynamic water level is +5cm. 7. After the injection of water is stopped, the falling water level in the borehole shall be observed immediately. The observation time is the same as that of the water injection. When the water level drops slowly, it can be observed once in 30 minutes, and then it can be extended to 1 to 2 hours until it reaches the groundwater still level. 〔2〕 The water injection test should be submitted to data 1, drilling original records and logs. 2, water injection record form. 3, restore the water level record form. 4. Calculate the permeability coefficient. Pressurized water test (1) Technical requirements for water pressure test for drilling] 1) The borehole diameter of the water pressure test should be kept as uniform as possible, and the wall of the hole must be kept intact so that the plug can not leak water tightly. Set the position of the embolism to cast cement. After the cement is solidified, use a rotary core drill to drill through the cement pouring hole section. 2, in the hard formation using alloy drill bit drilling, in the soft ground with the impact of drilling; if using steel sand 5 drilling should make the sand casting evenly, and in the setting of embolism hole not used. 3. It is forbidden to use mud or mud ball to drill in the drilling process. If mud is drilled for special reasons, the hole should be washed before the water pressure test. 4. The groundwater of each layer above the test section should be sealed. After the aquifer is closed, drilling can continue. 5. When pressure tests are performed in hard rock formations, filters are generally not provided in the test section. However, in loose formations or fracture zones, filters are to be provided to protect test walls. [2] Determination of Pressurized Water Test Section] Determination of Pressurized Water Test Section 1. When the rock fractured zone, rock contact zone and fault fracture zone are used for pressure water test, the length of the test section is generally 5m; 2. Above the tunnel elevation In the range of ~50m and below 10~20m, the length of the test section is generally 5m when the fractured zone of the rock layer, the contact zone of the rock layer and the fault fracture zone, and the length of the test segment is 10m when the intact rock formation. 〔3〕Pressure Water Test Procedure and Requirements〕 1. Cleaning drilling: Under normal circumstances, the core is complete, there is no special bad geological phenomenon and weak sandwich, can use the high pressure water flow positive circulation method to wash the hole wall, until the return water clarification When dregs, you can stop washing. Washing time should not be less than 2 hours. When it is difficult to wash the holes in the soft ground, the filter can be placed and washed. 2. Test section isolation: The plug diameter and the length of the pressure pipe should be determined according to the hole diameter and test section position. After the embolization card has been designed to the required depth, the maximum pressure of the test should be used to test, determine the water level inside and outside the tube, and check the effect of embolization and water stoppage. If there is a phenomenon of water return around the plug, it should be treated. 3. Determination of underground still water level: Before testing, the groundwater level of the test hole section should be observed to determine the zero point of the pressure gauge. The observation should be performed once every 10 minutes. When the water level of three consecutive readings is less than 1cm/min, the observation can be stopped. Calculate the zero point by determining the pressure from the last measured water level. If each test section is located in the same aquifer, the water level can be determined uniformly. 4. Observation of flow rate: After adjusting the pressure gauge to the design value and keeping it stable, measure the flow once every 10 minutes. When the test result meets one of the following standards, the test work can be completed. And use the final reading as the calculated flow rate, that is, pressurize the water consumption. (1) The difference between the maximum and minimum readings is less than 10% of the minimum final value for four consecutive readings. (2) When the flow rate gradually decreases, the readings of consecutive four times are less than 0.5L/min. (3) When the flow rate is gradually increased, there is no longer an increase in readings for four consecutive times. 〔4〕Receivable data 〕1. Drilling original records and drilling logs. 2, groundwater still water level record table. 3, the flow record table. 4. Draw the S=f(Q) curve. 5, calculate the amount of water inflow. 6. Calculate the permeability coefficient. Third, with the test test personnel should first put forward the drilling hole diameter, drilling process and drilling requirements, in the drilling and testing process should be closely associated with the drilling personnel and Party A field technicians to ensure the smooth test and test work carry out. If there are special circumstances, please consult with the on-site personnel to discuss. IV. Inspection and acceptance 1. Field test technicians shall promptly notify Party A before carrying out various tests and tests. Party A shall send relevant technical personnel to cooperate on site and submit on-site testing and test report, together with tests and test reports. As a basis for acceptance. The acceptance report is used as the basis for the project allocation.
We provide many different type alumina, zirconia and nitride aluminum ceramic plate via pressing and tape casting from min.
Size to large size with different thickness from 1.0mm to 10mm.
Also varity of complicated shape and high precision surface requirement can be achieved via secondary processes.
Industrial Ceramic Plate,Alumina Industrial Ceramic Plate,Wear-Resistant Industrial Ceramic Plate,Square Refining Industrial Ceramic Plate
Jinghui Industry Ltd. , https://www.ceramictek.com