[ Instrument Network Instrument Development ] Recently, the 2018 Shanghai Science and Technology Awards Conference was held in Shanghai Exhibition Center. The "Shanghai 65m Radio Telescope System Development" project hosted by the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences won the Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award.
The Shanghai 65-meter radio telescope was established at the end of October 2008. The foundation was laid on December 29, 2009. On-site construction began on March 19, 2010. The completion of October 28, 2012 marks the initial completion of the telescope project construction task. On October 27, 2017, the Shanghai Observatory Tianma Telescope received the total experience.
Large radio telescopes are key infrastructure in the field of deep space detector navigation and astronomical research, representing a country's comprehensive innovation capabilities. China has built four-plane radio telescopes with a diameter of 25 meters to 50 meters. Together with the Shanghai VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) Center, they successfully completed the No. 1 precision measurement orbit mission. However, compared with the international advanced level, the radio telescope antenna of China at that time has a small aperture and low observation frequency, which seriously restricts the future implementation of the national deep space exploration mission and the ability to conduct radio astronomy observation research. Therefore, since 2008, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai and the lunar exploration project have jointly funded the development of a world-class large-scale radio telescope system with various scientific uses, namely the Shanghai 65-meter radio telescope. The construction site is located at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Shanghai Songjiang Lushan Base.
The construction of large-scale radio telescopes requires a series of technical problems such as high-precision pointing, high receiving efficiency, low-temperature broadband reception, complex and flexible control, comprehensive performance testing and model building. It is a concentrated expression of a country's comprehensive innovation capability. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, together with 54 CLP, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and 16 CLP units, has overcome more than 40 key technologies. Through integration and innovation, it has built China's first fully dynamic large-scale radio telescope system with advanced functions and complete functions. It has achieved the goal of building a world-class large-scale radio telescope in China. The comprehensive performance index of the system ranks among the world's top three in the same type of telescope, which greatly enhances the capability of the lunar satellite and deep space detectors in China, the international VLBI and the radio astronomy observation capability. The telescope has been in stable operation for seven years. The main technical innovations obtained are:
It has overcome and mastered the key technologies of large-scale radio telescope research and development, such as large-scale high-precision antennas, active reflectors for main reflectors, cooling receivers, control software systems, comprehensive testing and model building, and built the first fully functional fully functional fully movable The large-scale radio telescope system achieves high-precision pointing at 3 arc seconds, achieving high efficiency at any elevation angle of better than 50% in the eight bands of 1.2-50GHz.
Developed the first active adjustment system for the main reflective surface of large-scale radio telescopes in China; adopted the high-precision welded ring-shaped overall track design and manufacturing technology for the first time in China; realized the gravity deformation of the main reflection surface and the pose change of the secondary reflection surface. High-precision measurement and construction of its correction model.
The telescope has become the national heavyweight of the lunar and deep space detectors in China. As the main station, it has made outstanding contributions to the success of the No.3 and No.4. It has greatly enhanced China's ability to participate in international VLBI observation and radio astronomy observation, and obtained a series of original observations in the early stage of operation.
The key technologies captured during the development of Tianma Telescope have important application value for the development of large-scale radio telescopes in the future. The implementation of the whole project has trained and trained an excellent team with radio astronomy research and equipment development. In the research and development and application of the system, 33 patents were granted, 143 papers were published, 15 doctoral students were trained, and 31 master students were trained.
The project was selected as “Asia's first radio telescope†and was selected as one of China's top ten science and technology progress news in 2012, the top ten national defense science and technology industry news in 2012, the top ten scientific and technological progress in Shanghai in 2012 and the “Top Ten Astronomical Science and Technology Progress†in 2012. In addition to the awards, Tianma Telescope has also been selected for the 40 major scientific and technological achievements of the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and five highlights of Shanghai's scientific and technological innovation. Several media outlets such as CCTV have reported many times and have had major social impacts.
The Pegasus Telescope will continue to serve the measurement orbit missions of the No. 5, Mars, Moon Exploration (China's lunar polar exploration program), asteroid exploration, etc., and will continue the formation and evolution of pulsars, massive stars, and activities. Observational studies of galactic nuclei and X-ray binary stars.
(Original title: "Shanghai 65-meter radio telescope system development" project won the 2018 Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award special award)
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