Magnetic separation: A beneficiation method that achieves separation between minerals in an inhomogeneous magnetic field based on magnetic differences between minerals. At present, there are many types of magnetic separators used at home and abroad, and the classification methods are different.
(l) According to the magnetic source of the magnetic separator, it can be divided into a permanent magnet magnetic separator and an electromagnetic magnetic separator;
(2) According to the strength of the magnetic field, it can be divided into: weak magnetic field magnetic separator, medium magnetic field magnetic separator, strong magnetic field magnetic separator;
(3) The medium according to the sorting process can be divided into a dry magnetic separator and a wet magnetic separator;
(4) According to the type of magnetic field, it can be divided into constant magnetic field, pulsating magnetic field and alternating magnetic field magnetic separator;
(5) According to the structure of the body, it is divided into belt magnetic separator, cylinder magnetic separator, roller magnetic separator, disc magnetic separator, ring magnetic separator, cage magnetic separator and pulley magnetic separator. .
3.1 Magnetic separation process application
Uses: black metal ore processing - iron ore magnetic; non-ferrous and rare metals selected - separating tin tungsten, copper-molybdenum separation, separation of copper and lead; dense medium separation in a magnetic separator recovering heavy medium; non-metallic minerals Removal of iron-containing impurities in raw material beneficiation - removal of iron from kaolin ; treatment of wastewater.
(1) Weak magnetic separation of magnetite
The ore processed by Dagushan Iron Mine of Anshan Iron and Steel Company of China is Anshan-type lean magnetite. The iron content of the ore is 30%~40%, and the sio2 content is 42%~46%. The principle process adopted is the stage grinding stage selection process, and the selection equipment is a permanent magnet type magnetic desilting tank and a permanent magnetic cylinder type magnetic separator.
(2) the hematite, hematite, siderite reduction roasting - low intensity magnetic separation, high intensity magnetic separation for manganese ore, wolframite concentrate and coarse ore coarse zircon, titanium, iron, kaolin And coal .
3.2 Electrical selection process
Electro-election is based on the separation of minerals and materials with different charges under the action of an external electric field. The electrical selection method uses different triboelectric charging properties, electrical conductivity and dielectric properties inherent in the material. Since the electrostatic force is proportional to the surface charge of the particle and the electric field strength, the electrostatic force has a greater influence on the fine, sheet-like light particles. Therefore, the particles can be effectively separated.
Industrial applications of the electrification process can be subdivided into several categories:
1) Separation of minerals and coal (mineralization and coal preparation department);
2) Food purification (food industry);
3) Waste disposal (waste management);
4) Electrostatic classification (classification of solids according to particle size and shape);
5) Electrostatic deposition (removal of particulate contaminants from solids or removal of liquids from gases).
3.3 magnetic separation equipment
(1) Wet weak magnetic field permanent magnet barrel magnetic separator This magnetic separator is mainly used for sorting ferromagnetic materials.
(2) Electromagnetic magnetic pulley
The equipment consists of a multi-pole magnetic system that changes polarity or has a single polarity along the direction of material flow. The magnetic induction intensity of the electromagnetic magnetic pulley can reach 0.1~0.15T, and the ore size is 10~100mm. The size of the pulley is ¢×L (600 to 1000)×(1700 to 2400) mm. Its role in the concentrator is the same as that of the permanent magnet magnetic pulley.
(3) Permanent magnetic cylinder magnetic separator
Equipment structure: Its main part consists of a drum and a magnetic system. Magnetic system and a magnetic field characteristics: strontium ferrite magnetic system applications: mineral fine ferromagnetic particles dry separation, purification magnetic material, powdered magnetic material to exclude impurities.
(4) Wet weak magnetic separator
The equipment consists of three main parts: cylinder, magnetic system and tank.
(5) Superconducting high gradient magnetic separator
Equipment structure: The periodic superconducting high gradient magnetic separator is a superconducting magnetic filter. The main parts are superconducting coils, refrigeration mechanisms, sorting mechanisms, ore feeding institutions. The superconducting magnetic device can be used as:
1) Laboratory equipment for basic research of magnetic separation processes;
2) for the intermediate test of simulating the operating conditions of large installations;
3) For small-scale production.
3.4 Electric selection equipment
The electroselective device is based on the electrostatic force applied to the temporarily charged particles. The design of the electric separator is based on the mineral belt motor. According to the motor, the electric sorter can be divided into the following three categories:
1) Free fall electrostatic sorter (contact charging and triboelectric charging);
2) High voltage electric separator (corona charging);
3) Contact the electric separator (inductive charging).
(1) Contact or friction electrification electric separator (free fall electric separator)
In such an electric sorter, an electric charge is obtained by contacting or rubbing between particles or with a third material such as a vessel, a feeder, a chute or a wall of a nozzle. These particles then enter the electric field and separate according to their polarization and the amount of charge carried.
(2) Conductive induction charging electric separator
When the particles are in contact with the conductive electrode, the conductor can be separated from the non-conductor in the electric field, which is the basis of the conductive electric separator. When a high voltage electric field is present, different particles are in contact with the ground conductor, and conduction induction charging can occur. Usually, by conduction, the conductor particles are rapidly charged, and the insulating particles are charged much more slowly, thereby separating the conductor particles from the insulating particles.
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