The main advantage of P22 alloy steel pipe is its 100% recyclability, which aligns with national environmental protection, energy-saving, and resource conservation strategies. This eco-friendly feature has led to increased support from government policies encouraging the expansion of high-pressure alloy pipe applications in various industries.
Seamless steel pipes are manufactured using different processes, leading to two primary types: hot-rolled (extruded) seamless steel pipes and cold-drawn (rolled) seamless steel pipes. Cold-drawn tubes can further be categorized into round tubes and special-shaped tubes, depending on their application requirements.
**Process Flow Overview**
- **Hot-Rolled (Extruded) Seamless Steel Pipe:**
The process starts with a round tube billet, followed by heating, perforation, three-roll skew rolling, continuous rolling, or extrusion. After that, the tube is removed, sized or reduced in diameter, cooled, straightened, subjected to water pressure testing or flaw detection, marked, and finally stored.
- **Cold-Drawn (Rolled) Seamless Steel Pipe:**
The process begins with a round tube billet, then heating, perforation, heading, annealing, pickling, oiling (or copper plating), followed by multiple passes of cold drawing or rolling. After heat treatment and straightening, the pipe undergoes hydraulic testing or flaw detection, marking, and storage.
**Types of Seamless Steel Pipes Based on Use**
- **GB/T8162-1999 (Structural Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Used for general structural and mechanical purposes. Common materials include carbon steels like 20 and 45, as well as alloy steels such as Q345, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 30–35CrMo, and 42CrMo.
- **GB/T8163-1999 (Fluid Conveying Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Designed for fluid transportation in engineering and large equipment. Materials commonly used are 20 and Q345.
- **GB3087-1999 (Low and Medium Pressure Boiler Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Primarily used in industrial and domestic boiler systems. Typical materials include 10 and 20 steel.
- **GB5310-1995 (High-Pressure Boiler Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Used in high-temperature and high-pressure environments in power plants and nuclear facilities. Representative materials are 20G, 12Cr1MoVG, and 15CrMoG.
- **GB5312-1999 (Ship Boiler Seamless Steel Pipe):**
For Class I and II pressure-resistant pipes in marine boilers and superheaters. Common grades include 360, 410, and 460.
- **GB9948-1988 (Petroleum Cracking Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Used in petroleum refining equipment, such as boilers and heat exchangers. Materials like 20, 12CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, and 1Cr19Ni11Nb are typical.
- **GB18248-2000 (Gas Cylinder Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Mainly used for gas and hydraulic cylinders. Common materials include 37Mn, 34Mn2V, and 35CrMo.
- **GB/T17396-1998 (Hydraulic Prop Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Used in coal mine hydraulic supports and cylinders. Common materials are 20, 45, and 27SiMn.
- **GB3093-1986 (Diesel Engine High-Pressure Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Used for high-pressure oil lines in diesel engines. Typically cold-drawn, with material 20A being common.
- **GB/T3639-1983 (Precision Cold-Drawn Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Ideal for mechanical structures requiring high accuracy and surface finish. Materials include 20 and 45 steel.
- **GB/T3094-1986 (Special-Shaped Cold-Drawn Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Used for structural parts and components. Materials are usually high-quality carbon or low-alloy steels.
- **GB/T8713-1988 (Precision Inner Diameter Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Designed for hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders with precise inner diameters. Common materials are 20 and 45 steel.
- **GB13296-1991 (Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe for Boilers and Heat Exchangers):**
Used in chemical plants for high-temperature, high-pressure, and corrosion-resistant applications. Materials include 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, and 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti.
- **GB/T14975-2002 (Stainless Steel Structural Seamless Pipe):**
Used for structural and mechanical components in chemical and industrial settings. Materials include 0–3Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, and 1Cr18Ni9Ti.
- **GB/T14976-2002 (Stainless Steel Fluid Transport Seamless Pipe):**
Designed for transporting corrosive media. Common materials are 0Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, and 0Cr17Ni12Mo2.
- **YB/T5035-1993 (Automobile Axle Casing Seamless Steel Pipe):**
Used for automobile half-shaft casings and drive axle casings. Materials include 45, 45Mn2, and 40Cr.
- **API SPEC5CT-1999 (Casing and Tubing Specification):**
A global standard published by the American Petroleum Institute. It includes casing and tubing for oil and gas wells. Common materials are J55, N80, P110, and corrosion-resistant grades like C90 and T95.
- **Line Pipe:**
Used to transport oil, gas, or water. Can be either seamless or welded. Common materials include B, X42, X56, X65, and X70.
**Welded Steel Pipe**
Welded steel pipes are made from steel sheets or strips and are divided into furnace-welded, electric-resistance-welded, and automatic arc-welded types. They can also be classified as straight-seam or spiral-welded based on the welding method. These pipes are mainly used for conveying low-pressure fluids like water, gas, air, oil, and steam. A common material is Q235A steel.
- **GB/T3092-1993 (Galvanized Welded Steel Pipe):**
Used for low-pressure fluid transportation, including water, gas, and steam. Material: Q235A.
- **GB/T14291-1992 (Mine Fluid Transport Welded Steel Pipe):**
Used for mine air pressure, drainage, and gas pipelines. Materials: Q235A and Q235B.
- **GB/T14980-1994 (Large Diameter Electric Welded Steel Pipe):**
For low-pressure fluid transport, such as water, sewage, and gas. Material: Q235A.
- **GB/T12770-1991 (Stainless Steel Welded Pipe for Mechanical Structures):**
Used in machinery, automotive, furniture, and architectural applications. Materials: 0Cr13, 1Cr17, 00Cr19Ni11, 1Cr18Ni9, and 0Cr18Ni11Nb.
- **GB/T12771-1991 (Stainless Steel Welded Pipe for Fluid Transportation):**
Suitable for low-pressure corrosive media. Materials: 0Cr13, 0Cr19Ni9, 00Cr19Ni11, and 00Cr17.
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