Cheng Shidong, director of the Urban Transport Research Office of the National Development and Reform Commission's Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute, said that in solving the traffic congestion problem in big cities, comprehensive measures are needed, and the traffic problems of the entire city cannot be solved by one measure alone. At present, it is very important to protect the right of roads for public transportation. In the case that the traffic in the whole city is relatively congested, it is necessary to ensure the right of public transportation to drive the road right, and to improve the speed and punctuality. This is a measure with less investment and greater effectiveness.
A few days ago, Li Shixiang, the deputy mayor of Beijing, said at the Beijing Government Council's government consultation meeting that the policy of piloting the congestion charge is being studied, and there is no specific timetable. How does the public view the issue of congestion charges?
According to a survey conducted by the China Youth Daily Social Survey Center on a questionnaire survey of 2,000 people, although 53.0% of respondents supported the congestion charge, 68.0% of the respondents believed that the congestion charge was not a permanent cure. ". If congestion charges are imposed, 47.3% of respondents indicated that they would reduce driving and take public transportation. 65.1% of respondents said that if congestion charges are imposed, the specific costs for blocking should also be announced.
Among the respondents, 67.4% were car owners and 32.6% were car-free. 39.6% of people come from Beishangguangshen, 33.5% from provincial capitals, 19.3% from prefecture-level cities, 5.3% from county towns, and 2.4% from towns and villages.
Congestion fees were imposed, 53.0% of respondents supported, and 30.6% of respondents opposed
According to the survey, 53.0% of the respondents supported the congestion charge and eased the traffic pressure. The highly supportive and comparatively supported respondents accounted for 18.6% and 34.4% respectively; 30.6% of the respondents did not support, did not support and clearly opposed Respondents accounted for 19.5% and 11.2%, respectively; 16.4% of respondents said it does not matter.
Chen Rong, who works in a law firm in Beijing, has been driving for six years. He said that he was neutral about whether to impose a congestion charge. Compared with traffic jams, Chen Rong is more concerned about the overall expenditure of travel. "The traffic jam is not a simple supply and demand problem. The charging or disguised charging is bound to be a double-edged sword. I am worried that the congestion charge will be inexplicable and will become the regular expenditure of the owner, which is neither in compliance with the law nor the rule of law."
Zhang Zhuting, a professor at the Department of Management of the Ministry of Transport, said that in the issue of levying congestion charges, the issue of legality must first be considered. The charging of congestion charges is to use the power of the government to levy a sum of money on the people, which will involve whether the public property can be casually Deprived property rights issue. "From the perspective of the rule of law, the existing law stipulates that the National People's Congress has the right to decide on the collection of projects. Local people's congresses and governments do not have this power. Therefore, the protection of property rights should be raised to the height of the Constitution. From the perspective of economic adjustment, it is necessary to solve Congestion, the fee can achieve a certain effect, but the effect of the continuous effect is still inconclusive."
Zhang Zhuting also said that traffic congestion is a relative concept. First, it is necessary to establish a traffic congestion judgment index system. "For example, the average daily traffic volume of a road or road network meets or exceeds the standard of its design, and congestion will occur." This system should be comprehensively determined according to the reasonable layout of the road, the frequency of use of the vehicle, the traffic volume of the main intersections to and from work, and the time of passing. "The current indicators are divided into 10 levels according to the above projects. If there are more than 7 levels, it will be called congestion. Although such standards are better than no, if the system is unreasonable, it will cover up other problems. So the indicators should be based on The road network design is based on a reasonable basis."
When asked how to evaluate the congestion charge, 68.0% of the respondents believe that the congestion fee can only cure the problem, which is difficult to cure; 38.9% of the respondents believe that the effect of the treatment remains to be seen; 38.4% of the respondents believe that It is difficult to do it in a non-discriminatory manner; 33.1% of respondents believe that this is a performance of “lazy politicsâ€; 21.2% of respondents believe that the congestion charge requires extensive hearing.
Hu Xue, who just started working in Beijing, can't participate in the shake number, but she still strongly opposes “collecting the congestion charge that has a slow-blocking effect in any form to the car ownersâ€. "On the road is the rigid demand of life, to improve the cost of the road to cure the blockage, is the responsibility of the lazy policy to pass on the responsibility to the owner. And the owner can not help but ask how much money they can pay for each penny. If you pay the money, what is the more blocked?" she said.
65.1% of respondents suggested publishing specific costs for treatment
According to the survey, if the congestion charge is imposed, 47.3% of the respondents will reduce driving and take public transportation; 28.4% of the respondents indicated that they will not drive less because of the charge; 37.5% of the respondents will decide depending on the situation.
Hu Xue believes that driving represents a more personal choice of travel, complementing the bus travel, there is no high score. "The burden on the roadside of Beijing car owners has been relatively high. The significance of using economic means to regulate and control is not great. The unconventional driving and even the violation of traffic regulations are still commonplace, and there is still much room for improvement in this area."
What suggestions do respondents have for charging congestion fees? According to the survey, 65.1% of the respondents suggested that the specific expenses for the treatment should be announced; 60.7% of the respondents indicated that the whole decision-making process should be open and transparent; 57.7% of the respondents indicated that they should clearly identify the area and collection mode; 45.4% Respondents believe that the fees are subject to scientific research.
"If you must collect, then I only hope to build on the basis of scientific decision-making, let the owners know where the money is spent, and what objective effect. And the withdrawal mechanism must be established, and the effect will be abolished if the effect is not satisfactory." Hu Xue said.
What measures should be taken to control traffic congestion? According to the survey, 67.8% of respondents believe that urban planning needs to be meticulous and reasonable; 65.3% of respondents believe that public transportation should be improved and the last mile should be opened; 43.6% of respondents believe that bus travel should be reduced; 34.6% of respondents said It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the awareness of safe travel.
"There are many measures to solve urban traffic congestion. In solving the traffic congestion problem in big cities, comprehensive measures are needed. The traffic problem of the entire city cannot be solved by a certain measure alone." Cheng Shidong, director of the Urban Transportation Research Office of the Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission. First, from the perspective of urban planning, it is necessary to avoid long-distance separation of occupations and residences, that is, where the living and working places are far apart, such as working in urban centers and living outside the city, this should be avoided. The emergence of tidal commuting. Secondly, from the perspective of traffic itself, the development density of China's cities is relatively large at present, and the development intensity is relatively high. According to the development intensity of 10,000 people per square kilometer, we do not allow or allow a large number of cars to travel. More ways to rely on public transportation, so public transport should be done well, and more intensive travel modes are used to make the traffic in the whole city smoother and the travel of the people more efficient.
He pointed out that at present, it is very important to protect the right of roads for public transportation. In the case that the traffic in the whole city is relatively congested, it is necessary to ensure the right of public transportation to drive the road right, and to improve the speed and punctuality. This is a measure with less investment and greater effectiveness.
Zhang Zhuting believes that other methods should be given priority and the fees should be considered. "Current congestion is generally seen in commuting time. It is not enough to build roads to meet the growing number of vehicles. At the same time, a large number of road repairs may also cause a certain waste of resources. I think we must consider how to achieve the wrong. Peak travel."
He also stressed that more road rights to public transportation, "this is the most fundamental measures to prevent congestion." "As far as the current situation is concerned, there is still a lot of room for development in other methods. Public transportation has not yet reached the required level. The indicators of 'safety, convenience, greenness, comfort and economy' have yet to be upgraded. The current ground track can be followed. The car has a lot of competition, so many people will choose to ride. The biggest problem with the subway is that it is not very comfortable, too many people, and it is crowded. Other public transportation is far less than a private car. So the next step should be to consider protection. The convenience of public transportation enhances its advantages and makes everyone want to ride. For example, four lanes of roads in the same direction should be marked with two bus lanes, one of which is always a bus lane and one that can be flexibly divided. In the case of limited resources, it is impossible to satisfy everyone, so priority should be given to the majority of people represented by public transportation."
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